Web application security focuses on protecting applications from attacks that exploit weaknesses in how data is handled and requests are processed. Two of the most common and dangerous web vulnerabilities are Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). These attacks target the trust relationships between users, browsers, and web servers.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) occurs when an attacker injects malicious scripts into web pages that are later viewed by other users. When the page is loaded, the script runs in the user’s browser as trusted code. XSS attacks can be stored, reflected, or DOM-based, depending on how the malicious code is delivered. The consequences of XSS include session hijacking, theft of sensitive information, website defacement, and malware distribution.
Preventing XSS requires proper input validation, output encoding, the use of Content Security Policy, and avoiding unsafe JavaScript practices.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that forces a logged-in user to perform unintended actions on a web application without their consent. Because browsers automatically send authentication cookies with requests, attackers can exploit this behavior by crafting malicious requests. CSRF attacks may result in unauthorized data changes, password modifications, or financial transactions. Common defenses against CSRF include anti-CSRF tokens, SameSite cookie settings, validation of request origins, and requiring additional authentication for sensitive operations.
Effective protection against XSS and CSRF requires secure coding practices, modern browser security features, and regular security testing. Addressing these vulnerabilities is essential for maintaining user trust and ensuring the safe operation of web applications.
Aydane ABALAKOVA,
student of the International University of
Humanities and Development.
Comments